Storage, transport or operation gas cylinders must comply with the requirements of the adopted rules. Failure to comply with the rules and regulations for operation most often leads to sad consequences.

The storage tank for liquefied hydrocarbon gas (LHG) is a spherical, cylindrical tank. By type of installation are divided into individual and group.

The general equipment of a liquefied gas cylinder includes:

• container made of steel sheet;
• the neck of the shut-off valve with a plug;
• safety cap.

LPG equipment

For cars, equipment is provided, including a cylinder and a gearbox that supplies gas fuel for consumption by the engine. The general safety precautions for LPG cylinders installed on vehicles are similar to the requirements for stationary cylinders:

• reliable fastening, tightly fixing the cylinders to the bottom or the body of the vehicle;
• accounting for refueling and consumption residual pressure balloon.

Examination of automobile gas cylinders is carried out after a certain period for each type of cylinder:

• 2 years for "propane-butane";
• 3 years for "methane" (carbon steel);
• 5 years for "methane" (alloy steel).

The service station conducting the inspection establishes a stamp with the dates of the conducted and next inspection, and also issues a “2-B” certificate authorizing the filling of gas cylinders. During the survey, additional test or repair work may be assigned at the discretion of the service station specialist.

Manufacturing

Only welded gas cylinders are allowed for operation. The container is made by welding sheet metal with a shell and a stamped bottom.

The manufactured balloon is applied with the following information:

• name and brand of the manufacturer;
• technical characteristics (type, volume (l), weight (kg), working pressure (kgf/cm2);
• stamp of Gostekhnadozor;
• trial test pressure;
• date for examination of gas cylinders;

Pay attention to the information printed on the bologna.

On vessels up to 12 liters, a nominal mark is applied, without specific meaning volume. Storage of LPG cylinders is provided only in specially constructed open/closed premises.

General position

Strict observance of a set of safety requirements for the operation of gas cylinders is necessary. All requirements are aimed at maintaining safety and avoiding the following emergency consequences:

• gas leaks through poorly sealed parts of the cylinder, which will lead to the formation of mixtures with air that are explosive;
• mechanical influence on the cylinder, leading to damage and loss of tightness of the vessel, with the ensuing consequences of the above nature;
• thermal influence on the gas cylinder, which contributes to an increase in pressure, due to which an explosion may occur;

The explosion of the balloon leads, as a rule, to sad consequences. Improper handling is the consequence of the explosion.

Storage, operation and transportation of LPG cylinders provides for compliance with the following requirements:

• the storage / operation process must comply with the established instructions;
• refuellers are required to know the safety instructions;
• full flow is prohibited, the minimum residual pressure is 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm2).
• Cylinders must be tightly fixed during filling.

If it is impossible to release gas due to a faulty valve, operation is strictly prohibited, and it must be delivered to a service station. Stations are required to keep records of the filling / repair of cylinders, entering information:

• cylinder number
• date of filling (or inspection)
• mass of gas
• painting of a specialist servicing a balloon

Separate accounting is provided for each type of LPG cylinder.

Filling rules

The rules for filling household gas cylinders provide for a technical standard, the following must be strictly observed:

• for butane - 0.438 kg / l, for propane - 0.425 kg / l of volume;
• filling the cylinder should not exceed 85% of its volume;
• the remaining 15% remain unfilled for the vapor phase and residual pressure.

Refueling is carried out only when installed in a vertical position.

Cylinder storage

For the storage of gas cylinders, a number of requirements must be met:

• the presence of nests, capsules or enclosures for cylinders when a large amount is stored;
• at least 1.5-meter distance between cylinders and heating communications;
• the location of the valves in one direction;
• room temperature not lower than 30 degrees.

Do not bring the balloon from frost into heat, it is dangerous! When heated, the gas expands in volume, which can lead to rupture of the cylinder.

Failure to comply with the rules for storing cylinders can lead to the following dangerous consequences:

• damage to the vessel or other elements of the cylinder, which can subsequently lead to its malfunction and loss of tightness.
• change in pressure inside the cylinder to an unacceptable level.
• the formation of explosive air masses, which, when interacting with fire, provoke an explosion.

If a malfunction of the cylinder is detected, as a result of which, according to the operating rules, further use of the cylinder is prohibited, it is required to contact the service station to eliminate the defects.

Personal storage

When placing an individual installation, the room where the gas cylinder is used must have natural lighting and supply and exhaust ventilation. The next method of placement is in a cabinet that is designed to store both one cylinder and a group.

The gas cylinder storage cabinet must be made of non-combustible materials and have ventilation. According to the method of placement, the outdoor cabinet for a gas cylinder can be located either against the wall of the building or stand alone. Installations with a total capacity of 600 liters for residential buildings and 1 thousand liters for industrial buildings can be located near the walls of the building.

Gas cabinets protect the cylinder from the thermal effects of sunlight or precipitation, and provide a hole for connecting the hose and eyelets on the doors for the lock. Storage of the cylinder in an improper way is prohibited.

Industrial storage

The commissioning and operation of gas warehouses must comply with the requirements of Gostekhnadzor. Requirements for gas storages:

• The storage capacity is obliged to guarantee uninterrupted supply of LPG consumers for 5-7 settlement days.
• minimum canopy/roof height from 3.25 m;
• artificial / natural ventilation (with external opening of doors, windows);
• one-story building (basements and attic are excluded);
• explosion-proof lighting;
• equipment with fire-fighting equipment, room map and additional warning instructions.

The warehouse is divided into sections, separated by wall barriers with a height of 2.5 m. Each section can contain up to 50 units of cylinders with a volume of up to 40 liters. The permissible capacity of the warehouse is 500 units with a combustible and toxic gas mixture or 1,000 units with a non-combustible substance.

In case of non-compliance with the requirements for the warehouse, restrictive measures are applied to the responsible person, up to the termination of the storage of gas cylinders.

Prohibition of operation and malfunctions

The operating rules prohibit the use of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders when:

• examination period has expired;
• body/valve damage;
• no excess pressure;
• no manufacturer's name/stamp
• service life has expired

In the absence of excess pressure, further operation is permitted when the inspection of gas cylinders has been passed. The absence of residual pressure in the cylinder indicates its possible leakage.

Before any repair work with a gas cylinder, it is required to free it from gas, rinse or steam it. Maintenance of gas cylinders with technical gas is prohibited.

Repair of a defective valve / nozzle is carried out only at service stations. After the repair, the gas cylinder undergoes pressure testing and examination of the actual pressure.

A transport trolley or other device is used to transport cylinders within the service station.

Transportation and transportation

Transportation of LPG cylinders is allowed in a horizontal position, using a protective device. For the transportation of gas cylinders, spring vehicles are used.

As a guarding device, it is permissible to use bars, rubber / rope rings, from 2.5 cm, and other devices that exclude mechanical interaction between the cylinders. It is allowed to install the transported cylinder vertically.

When transporting by personal transport, attention should be paid to ensuring that the cylinder is securely fixed.

Cylinders are transported according to the rules prescribed by the gas industry and approved by Gostekhnadzor. Transportation of gas cylinders is allowed only with the permission of government agencies in the manner prescribed by law. In case of non-compliance with the requirements for the transportation of gas cylinders, administrative responsibility is provided, which will be borne by the carrier.

Page 1

Storing oxygen as a liquid avoids expensive high pressure recipients. In each 1 m3 of the storage there is approximately 1140 kg of oxygen, which in terms of gas corresponds to - 850 m3 at 100 kN / m2 (1 at) and 20 C. Evaporation losses in it are small - fractions of a percent per day, and the evaporating oxygen is discharged into gasholder.

For the storage of oxygen of the 1st grade with a concentration of 99-7% O2, rubber-fabric gas holders are unsuitable, since the concentration of oxygen during long-term storage may decrease due to diffusion of nitrogen from atmospheric air.

To store oxygen in a gaseous state, a cylinder park is required, consisting of a large number of cylinders. For the storage and transport of liquid oxygen, special reservoirs are needed - tanks, cisterns, Dewar vessels.

Transportation and storage of oxygen and combustible gases are carried out in cylinders. During transportation, it is necessary to protect the cylinders from shocks and shocks. In the absence of linings, the cylinder can be transported wrapped several times (along the length) with a thick hemp rope. Cylinders should only be stored in a vertical position in the nests of special racks. At the workplace, the cylinders are fixed in a vertical position with a clamp or chain to the fixed parts of buildings or structures. Cylinders can be installed at a distance not closer than 10 m from sources of open fire and 1 m from central heating devices.

High-vacuum or vacuum-powder insulation is used in oxygen and nitrogen storage tanks, vacuum-powder and vacuum-multilayer insulation is used in hydrogen storage vessels, vacuum-multilayer insulation and a liquid nitrogen-cooled screen are used in helium storage vessels.

RESOLUTION OF THE MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

December 27, 2005 No. 56

ON APPROVAL OF THE RULES OF DEVICE AND SAFE OPERATION

PRESSURE VESSELS

CYLINDER OPERATION

693. Operation, storage and transportation of cylinders must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the instructions approved by the head of the organization in the prescribed manner.
694. Employees servicing cylinders must be trained and instructed in accordance with paragraph 597 of these Rules.
695. Cylinders with gases can be stored both in special rooms and in the open air, in the latter case they must be protected from atmospheric precipitation and sunlight.
Warehousing in one room of cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases is prohibited.
696. Gas cylinders installed indoors must be at least 1 m away from heating radiators and other heating appliances and stoves and at least 5 m away from open flame heat sources.
697. During the operation of cylinders, the gas contained in them shall not be completely consumed. The residual gas pressure in the cylinder must be at least 0.05 MPa (0.5 bar).
698. The release of gases from cylinders into containers with a lower working pressure must be carried out through a reducer designed for this gas and painted in the appropriate color.
The low pressure chamber of the reducer must have a pressure gauge and a spring-loaded safety valve adjusted to the appropriate permitted pressure in the container into which the gas is bypassed.
699. If it is impossible due to malfunction of the valves to release gas from the cylinders at the place of consumption, the latter must be returned to the filling station. The release of gas from such cylinders at the filling station must be carried out in accordance with the instructions approved in the prescribed manner.
700. Filling stations that fill cylinders with compressed, liquefied and soluble gases are required to keep a cylinder filling log, which, in particular, must indicate:
filling date;
balloon number;
date of examination;
mass of gas (liquefied) in a cylinder, kg;
signature of the person filling the balloon.
If one of the stations fills cylinders with various gases, then a separate filling log should be kept for each gas.
701. The filling of cylinders with gases must be carried out according to the instructions developed and approved by the organization in the prescribed manner, taking into account the properties of the gas and local conditions.
The filling of cylinders with liquefied gases must comply with the standards in accordance with Appendix 23.
For gases not listed in this table, the filling rate is set by the production instructions of the filling stations.
702. Cylinders filled with gas must be firmly supported and tightly attached to the filling ramp.
703. It is forbidden to fill with gas cylinders that have:
the term of the appointed examination has expired;
the period for checking the porous mass has expired;
the cylinder body is damaged;
valves are faulty;
there is no proper coloring or inscriptions;
there is no excess gas pressure;
no established marks.
Filling of cylinders in which there is no excess pressure of gases is carried out after their preliminary check in accordance with the instructions of the organization that performs the filling (filling station).
704. Changeover of shoes and rings for caps, replacement of valves must be carried out at points for the examination of cylinders.
The valve after the repair associated with its disassembly must be checked for tightness at operating pressure.
705. It is allowed to fit shoes on cylinders only after the gas has been released, the valves have been turned out and the cylinders have been adequately degassed.
Cleaning and painting of gas-filled cylinders, as well as strengthening rings on their necks, is prohibited.
706. Cylinders with poisonous gases must be stored in special closed rooms, the device of which is regulated by the relevant norms and regulations.
707. Filled cylinders with shoes mounted on them should be stored in an upright position. To protect against falling, cylinders must be installed in specially equipped nests, cages or protected by a barrier.
708. Cylinders that do not have shoes may be stored horizontally on wooden frames or racks. When stored in open areas, it is allowed to stack cylinders with shoes in stacks with gaskets made of rope, wooden beams or rubber between horizontal rows.
When laying cylinders in stacks, the height of the latter should not exceed 1.5 m. Cylinder valves should be turned in one direction.
709. Warehouses for storing cylinders filled with gases should be one-story with light-type coatings and not have attic spaces. Walls, partitions, coverings of warehouses for storing gas cylinders must be made of non-combustible materials of at least II degree of fire resistance; windows and doors should open outwards.
Window glass must be frosted or painted over with white paint. The height of storage facilities for cylinders must be at least 3.25 m from the floor to the lower protruding parts of the roofing.
The floors of warehouses should be even, with a non-slip surface, and warehouses for cylinders with combustible gases - with a surface made of materials that exclude sparking when they are hit by any objects.
710. The equipment of warehouses for cylinders with combustible gases must comply with the standards for rooms that are dangerous in relation to explosions.
711. In warehouses for storing cylinders, instructions and posters for handling cylinders in the warehouse should be posted.
712. Warehouses for cylinders filled with gas must have natural or artificial ventilation in accordance with the requirements of sanitary design standards.
713. Warehouses for cylinders with explosive and flammable gases must be located in the zone of lightning protection.
714. A storage room for storing cylinders must be divided by fireproof walls into compartments, each of which can store no more than 500 cylinders (40 l) with flammable or toxic gases and no more than 1000 cylinders (40 l) with non-flammable and non-toxic gases.
Compartments for storing cylinders with non-flammable and non-toxic gases can be separated by fireproof partitions with a height of at least 2.5 m with open openings for the passage of people and openings for mechanization. Each compartment must have its own exit to the outside.
715. Gaps between warehouses for cylinders filled with gases, between warehouses and adjacent industrial buildings, public premises, residential buildings must meet the requirements of TNLA.
716. Movement of cylinders at the points of filling and consumption of gases must be carried out on trolleys specially adapted for this purpose or with the help of other devices.
717. Transportation of cylinders filled with gases must be carried out on spring transport or on autocars in a horizontal position, always with gaskets between the cylinders. As gaskets, wooden blocks with cut-out nests for cylinders can be used, as well as rope or rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm (two rings per cylinder) or other gaskets that protect the cylinders from hitting each other. All cylinders during transportation must be stowed with valves in one direction.
It is allowed to transport cylinders in special containers, as well as without containers in a vertical position, always with gaskets between them and protection against a possible fall.
718. Transportation and storage of cylinders must be carried out with screwed caps.
Transportation of cylinders for hydrocarbon gases is carried out in accordance with the safety rules in the gas industry, approved by Gospromnadzor.
(As amended by the decision of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of 16.04.2008 N 31)
Storage of filled cylinders before issuing them to consumers is allowed without protective caps.
719. Transportation of cylinders by road, rail, water and air transport must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road in the Republic of Belarus, approved by the Decree of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus dated November 8, 2004 N 38 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2004 G., N 194, 8/11762).
720. Control over compliance with these Rules in filling organizations, filling stations and test points should be carried out by an inspector of Gospromnadzor.

INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection No. _______
during operation, storage and transportation
oxygen cylinders

I. General provisions.

1.1. This instruction defines the basic requirements for the operation, storage and transportation of oxygen cylinders used at the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was drawn up on the basis of the requirements of the "Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels", approved on 10/18/94, by the Committee of the State Supervision Service for Labor Protection, "Rules for the Transportation of Inert Gases and Oxygen, Compressed and Liquid by Road", as well as other regulatory documents.

1.3. The requirements of this instruction apply to cylinders with a capacity of 40 liters, intended for the storage and transportation of oxygen.

1.4. Work related to the operation, transportation and storage of oxygen cylinders is allowed for persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, special training, passed a knowledge test in the scope of this manual and have a corresponding entry in the knowledge test certificate.

1.5. Periodic testing of the knowledge of personnel involved in the operation and storage of oxygen cylinders is carried out at least once a year.

1.6. An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out in case of changes in the requirements of this instruction, their violation, at the request of representatives of the State Supervision Service for Labor Protection or persons responsible for supervising the technical condition and operation of cylinders appointed in each division of the enterprise from among the engineers.

1.7. Re-instruction on OT for personnel involved in work related to the operation and storage of oxygen cylinders takes place at least once a month in the scope of the requirements of this instruction.

1.8. The admission of personnel to self-service oxygen cylinders is issued by the administrative document for the enterprise.

1.9. The issuance by officials of instructions or orders that contradict the requirements of the above rules and this instruction is not allowed.

1.10. The requirements of this manual are mandatory for all employees of the enterprise involved in the operation, storage and transportation of oxygen cylinders.

1.11. Employees who violate the requirements of this instruction bear personal responsibility, regardless of whether the violation led to accidents or accidents with people. Officials are also responsible for violation of the requirements of this instruction, committed by their subordinates. Depending on the nature of the violations, these persons may be subject to disciplinary, financial or criminal liability.

1.12. To ensure the maintenance of oxygen cylinders in good condition and ensure safe working conditions with them, by order of an enterprise from among the engineers who have passed the knowledge test of the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels in the prescribed manner and the requirements of this instruction in each unit operating oxygen cylinders a person responsible for their good condition and safe operation is appointed, who must:

1.12.1. Maintain proper records of all oxygen cylinders entering the unit.
1.12.2. Ensure that the cylinders are kept in good and safe condition.
1.12.3. Ensure that cylinders are inspected by trained and knowledge-tested personnel.
1.12.4. Ensure that service personnel comply with the requirements of this manual.
1.12.5. Timely hand over the cylinders operated in the subdivision for technical re-examination.
1.12.6. Periodically, at least once a quarter, conduct targeted inspections of the safe operation and storage of oxygen cylinders in operation in the unit.

1.13. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that occur during the operation of oxygen cylinders are the following:

1.13.1. Intensively supports combustion.
1.13.2. Contributes to the ignition of combustible materials.
1.13.3. Explosiveness of oxygen mixed with fuel vapors and gases.
1.13.4. The oxygen concentration in the ambient air of more than 23% contributes to the ignition of clothing.
1.13.5. At a concentration of more than 40%, it is dangerous for living organisms, i.e. a toxic effect is manifested - damage to the respiratory organs, mainly the lungs, up to their edema.
1.13.6. Lubricants and fatty contamination of surfaces in contact with oxygen are the cause of fire or, at a certain layer thickness, the cause of a detonation explosion.
1.13.7. Possibility of accumulation of oxygen in case of gaseous oxygen leaks in trenches, wells, etc. because it is heavier than air

1.14. You should perform only the work that is entrusted to the immediate supervisor, without expanding its scope.

II. Safety requirements before starting work.

2.1. Make sure that the oxygen cylinder has clearly visible data embossed at the factory:

• trademark of the manufacturer;
• balloon number;
• the actual mass of an empty cylinder with an accuracy of 0.2 kg;
• date (month, year) of manufacture and the next survey;
• working pressure (kgf/cm2).
• test hydraulic pressure (kgf/cm2).
• cylinder capacity with an accuracy of 0.3 liters.
• mark of the quality control department of the manufacturer of a round shape with a diameter of 10 mm.

2.2. Place the oxygen cylinder out of direct sunlight.

2.3. Make sure that the oxygen cylinder is complete and in good condition, that it has the appropriate inscription "Oxygen" on it.

2.4. Clean the cylinder valve from scale, dust, sand, oil stains if there are any on it.

2.5. Make sure that there is no depressurization of nodes, connecting parts.

2.6. Transportation of oxygen cylinders is allowed only on spring vehicles, as well as on special hand trucks and stretchers.

2.7. Get instructions on how to work safely.

2.8. Remove from the workplace unnecessary items that interfere with the performance of work.

2.9. Put on overalls, safety shoes determined by industry standards for the issuance of overalls, safety shoes for this category of workers.

2.10. Check the serviceability of the equipment and devices used in the performance of work.

2.11. Report any malfunctions of equipment and devices to the immediate supervisor.

2.12. Before connecting the reducer to the oxygen cylinder, check the serviceability of the inlet fitting and union nut of the reducer, make sure that there are no oils and fats on their surface, as well as the presence and serviceability of the sealing fiber gasket and the filter on the inlet fitting of the reducer.

2.13. When storing oxygen cylinders, the following requirements must be met:

2.13.1 Oxygen cylinders can be stored both in special rooms and in the open air, in the latter case they must be protected from precipitation and sunlight.
2.13.2. Storage of cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases in the same room is prohibited.
2.13.3. Oxygen cylinders installed indoors must be at least 1 m away from heating radiators, other heating appliances, stoves and at least 5 m away from open flame heat sources.
2.13.4 Filled cylinders should be stored upright. To protect against falling, cylinders must be installed in specially equipped nests, cages or protected by a barrier.
2.13.5. Warehouses for storing cylinders should be one-story with light-type coatings, not have attic spaces. Walls, partitions, coverings of warehouses must be made of non-combustible materials of at least III degree of fire resistance. Windows and doors should open outwards. Window and door glass must be frosted or painted over with white paint. The height of storage facilities must be at least 3.25 m from the floor to the lower protruding parts of the roofing. Warehouse floors must be level with a non-slip surface.
2.13.6. In warehouses, instructions, rules and posters for handling cylinders should be posted.
2.13.7. The facility must appoint a person responsible for storing oxygen cylinders in the warehouse, issuing cylinders from the warehouse and returning them to the warehouse.
2.13.8. In the warehouse where oxygen cylinders are stored, there should be a log of the issuance and return of oxygen cylinders.
2.13.9. Issuance and acceptance of oxygen cylinders in the warehouse should be performed only by the person specified in 2.13.7.

III. Safety requirements while working with oxygen cylinders.

3.1. Not allowed to come into contact with oxygen cylinders different kind oils, touch them with hands contaminated with oil.

3.2. Show maximum attention to the work performed, without being distracted by the performance of other work and extraneous conversations.

3.4. Oxygen cylinders must be at least 5 m away from heat sources.

3.5. It is not allowed to remove the protective cap from the oxygen cylinder by hitting it with a hammer, chisel or other tool that could cause a spark.

3.6. In case of violation of the technological process or incident, accident, detection of equipment malfunctions, immediately inform your immediate supervisor about this.

3.7. Do not allow sudden opening and closing of the valve, which can lead to self-ignition of oxygen and burnout of parts of the valve and reducer.

3.8. Do not repair the valve, tighten the threaded connections in the presence of oxygen in the cylinder.

3.9. Avoid dropping the oxygen cylinder, carrying them on your arms and shoulders.

3.10. It is not allowed to store and move oxygen cylinders without protective caps screwed onto their necks and plugs on the side fittings of the valves.

3.11. During transportation, the following requirements must be observed:

3.11.1. Workers are allowed to transport oxygen cylinders in clean overalls that do not have traces of oils and fats. Hands should also not be oily.
3.11.2. Transportation of oxygen cylinders by road is carried out in accordance with the "Rules for the transport of inert gases and oxygen by road: compressed and liquid".
3.11.3. Transportation of oxygen cylinders is allowed on spring vehicles, as well as on special hand carts and stretchers.
3.11.4. When loading oxygen cylinders on the trolley and removing it from it, it is necessary to take measures to prevent its spontaneous movement.
3.11.5. When transporting oxygen cylinders without containers, the following requirements must be met:

• safety caps must be screwed on cylinders to failure;
• cylinders must be placed in wooden blocks with carved nests, upholstered with felt or other soft material;
• when loading more than one row of cylinders, spacers should be used for each row to prevent them from touching each other. It is allowed to use as a gasket a hemp rope with a diameter of at least 25 mm and rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm;
• cylinders should be laid only across the car body with valves in one direction - right in the direction of the car;
• stowage of cylinders is allowed within the height of the sides;
• during loading and unloading, it is not allowed to drop cylinders and hit them against each other, as well as unloading with valves down;
• it is forbidden to load cylinders on cars and other vehicles in the presence of dirt, debris and traces of oils in the body;
• it is allowed to transport cylinders in special containers, as well as without containers in a vertical position, always with gaskets between them and a fence that prevents possible falls;
• joint transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders on all modes of transport is prohibited;
• in the summer, the transported cylinders must be protected from sunlight with a tarpaulin or other covering;
• the person responsible for the transportation of oxygen cylinders is the driver of the vehicle;
• the permissible speed of a vehicle carrying oxygen cylinders is 60 km/h;
• in conditions of poor visibility (fog, rain, snowfall, etc.) up to 300 m, transportation of oxygen cylinders is prohibited;
• it is forbidden to transport people in the same body with filled oxygen cylinders.

3.11.6. Moving oxygen cylinders over short distances within one workplace is allowed to be carried out by carefully tilting it in a vertical position with a slight inclination. Moving a cylinder from one room to another, even adjacent ones, must be carried out on specially adapted trolleys or stretchers that ensure the safe transportation of cylinders.

IV. Safety requirements at the end of work.

4.1. It is forbidden to leave oxygen cylinders at the workplace after work has been completed.

4.2. After completion of work, the reducer must be disconnected from the cylinder, the cylinder valve is tightly closed and the safety cap is screwed on, after which the cylinder is removed to a place specially designated for its storage.

4.3. Remove from the workplace the tools and devices with which the work was performed.

4.4. Report to the immediate supervisor about all the work noticed during the production, malfunctions of tools and devices.

4.5. Wash hands with warm soapy water and shower if possible.

V. Safety requirements in emergency situations.

5.1. Oxygen cylinders, in which cracks, dents, shells and scratches with a depth of more than 10% of the nominal wall thickness, chipping, wear of the neck thread, and also which lack some passport data, are rejected.

5.2. If, as a result of cleaning, the passport data of the cylinder are visible, it is unsatisfactory for the consumer to not fill them on his own. In this case, the cylinder should be sent to the filler plant.

5.3. If, when closing the valve (when purging the cylinder or checking the presence of residual pressure in it, or simply in the process of using the cylinders), the spindle (rod) breaks, it is necessary to return the detached "head" and the cylinder itself to the person who issued the cylinder, inform the immediate supervisor about the malfunction of the cylinder and Never attempt to repair the valve yourself.

5.4. In the event that, due to a malfunction of the valve, the oxygen contained in the cylinder cannot be used, the cylinder must be returned to the filling station and the signature "Caution! Full" is applied on it and an appropriate cover letter is sent indicating the serial number of this cylinder.

5.5. In the event of a complete failure of the oxygen from the cylinder, the latter must be sent to the filling station in the workshop for the repair and testing of cylinders.

5.6. Oxygen consumers guilty of violating the rules for handling cylinders are removed from oxygen supply for the period of analysis and elimination of violations and taking action against those responsible.

5.7. In the event of situations that may lead to an accident or an accident, all work should be immediately stopped and the immediate supervisor should be informed about this.

5.8. In the event of a fire, immediately begin to eliminate it with primary fire extinguishing equipment, and if necessary, call the fire brigade.

5.9. In the event of an accident with personnel, immediately begin to provide first aid to the victim, calling an ambulance if necessary.

Transportation and storage of oxygen

The production of oxygen from the air is carried out continuously around the clock, on a small scale it is unprofitable. Usually, only enterprises with high oxygen consumption, at least 400-500 m3 per day, can have their own oxygen plants, while the bulk of consumers with medium and low oxygen consumption receive it from special oxygen plants. Therefore, the transport and storage of oxygen, which often cost more than its production, acquires significant importance. Oxygen is usually stored and transported in gaseous form in steel cylinders at a pressure of 150 atm.

An oxygen cylinder (Fig. 119) is a cylinder with a spherical bottom and a neck for attaching a shut-off valve. A shoe is mounted on the bottom of the cylinder, allowing the cylinder to be placed vertically. A threaded ring is mounted on the neck for screwing on a protective cap. The neck has an internal conical thread for screwing in the valve.

According to GOST cylinders are made of steel seamless carbon steel pipes with a tensile strength of at least 65 kg/mm2, a yield strength of at least 38 kg/mm2 and a relative elongation of at least 12%. Oxygen cylinders are manufactured for various purposes with a capacity from 0.4 to 50 liters. In welding technology, cylinders with a capacity of 40 liters are mainly used. Such a cylinder has an outer diameter of 219 mm, a body length of 1390 mm, a wall thickness of 8 mm; the cylinder without oxygen weighs about 67 kg.

Cylinders made of carbon steel for a working pressure of 150 atm have a tare weight of 1.6-1.7 kg! l of capacity. Recently, the development of cylinders made of alloy steels with a tensile strength of 100-120 kg / mm2 has begun, which makes it possible to increase the working pressure of cylinders and reduce their weight by 2-2.5 times for the same capacity and operating pressure. To avoid dangerous errors during filling and use, cylinders for different gases are painted in different colors, in addition, the connecting fitting of the shut-off valve has different sizes and design. Oxygen cylinders are painted blue on the outside and are labeled oxygen in black letters. Every five years, an oxygen cylinder is subject to a mandatory test in the presence of an inspector of the Kotlonadzor, which is marked with a brand, engraved on the upper spherical part of the cylinder. A hydraulic test is also carried out for one and a half working pressure, i.e., 225 atm. The oxygen cylinder valve is made of brass. The connecting fitting of the valve has a 3/4 right pipe thread. During storage, the valve is protected by a safety cap, which is screwed onto the outer ring of the cylinder neck. A cylinder filled with oxygen at a pressure of 150 atm, in case of violation of the rules for handling it, can give an explosion of significant destructive force. Therefore, when handling oxygen cylinders, it is necessary to strictly observe the established safety rules. It is recommended not to bring oxygen cylinders into especially critical or dangerous workshops at all, but to place them outside the workshop in a separate annex, and supply reduced pressure oxygen, usually 10 atm, to the workshop through a pipeline.

The simplest extension in the form of an iron cabinet near the outer wall of the workshop is shown in Fig. 120. Usually, there should not be more than 10 cylinders in the shop at the same time. In the workshop, cylinders must be secured with a collar or chain to a wall, column, rack, etc. to eliminate the possibility of falling. On the territory of the plant, cylinders must be carried on a stretcher or it is better to transport them on special trolleys; carrying cylinders on the arms or on the shoulders is prohibited. When transporting cylinders by motor vehicles or carts, it is necessary to use wooden linings to prevent rolling and collisions of cylinders. Loading and unloading of cylinders must be done carefully, without shocks and shocks. Cylinders must be protected from heat, such as from ovens, which causes a dangerous increase in gas pressure in the cylinders.

When working outdoors in the summer in sunny weather, cover the oxygen cylinders with a wet tarpaulin. The cylinder, in particular its valve, must not be contaminated with oils and fats that ignite spontaneously in oxygen, which can lead to an explosion of the cylinder. Oxygen cylinders must be stored in designated separate warehouses. Transportation of gaseous oxygen in cylinders is expensive, sometimes more expensive than the cost of oxygen itself. A normal cylinder with a capacity of 40 liters, weighing about 67 kg, holds 4x150 = 6000 liters = 6 m3 of oxygen, weighing only 6x 1.3 = = 7.8 kg, so that for a payload of 7.8 kg you have to transport a container of 67 kg, i.e. the tare weight is almost 90% and the payload is 10%. If we also take into account the maintenance, repair and depreciation of cylinders, then often the cost of oxygen on site at the consumer is two to three times higher than its selling price at the oxygen plant. Therefore, it is of considerable economic interest to deliver oxygen from an oxygen plant to consumers in liquid form, in which the tare weight is about 50% of the total weight of the cargo, and with the same weight of the transported cargo, five times more liquid oxygen is delivered than when transporting it in gaseous form.

To be able to use liquid oxygen, you need: 1) a transport tank for transporting liquid oxygen, installed on a motor vehicle, usually belonging to an oxygen plant; 2) a gasifier used to convert liquid oxygen into gaseous and usually installed at the oxygen consumer.

A transport tank for transporting liquid oxygen is basically a ball of brass sheet encased in a steel casing; the space between the ball and the casing is filled with heat-insulating material - powdered magnesia carbonate. Liquid oxygen is poured into the tank through an inlet valve, fills a brass ball, and is taken out of it through a flexible hose connected to the valve. Since the ambient air temperature is always above its critical temperature, liquid oxygen inevitably evaporates, i.e., there is a continuous loss of oxygen into the surrounding atmosphere due to evaporation. If the tank insulation is in good condition, this loss can be reduced to 0.3% per hour. In case of pressure increase, the tank is equipped with a safety valve.

Consumers of liquid oxygen must have gasifiers. Oxygen gasifiers are divided into stationary and portable, as well as: a) low pressure or cold, supplying oxygen to the distribution pipeline network at a pressure of up to 15 atm, and b) high pressure or warm, providing oxygen. for filling cylinders under pressure 150-165 atm.

The most common in our factories is a standard stationary cold gasifier with a capacity of 1000 liters of liquid or 800 m3 of gaseous oxygen. The gasifier is installed in a separate room. The unit is designed for operating pressure up to 15 atm and consists of a gasifier, an evaporator and a recipient. The gasifier consists of a thick-walled steel ball, inside which is placed a thin-walled brass ball for liquid oxygen. The gasifier ball is in the casing; the space between the casing and the ball is filled with magnesia, as in oxygen tanks. The gasifier is filled with liquid oxygen from a transport tank through a valve and a flexible hose. Liquid oxygen from the gasifier. enters the evaporator coil and from there the oxygen gas is directed to the oxygen piping network. To equalize pressure fluctuations, a receiver with a capacity of about 10 m3 is connected.